Bernhard:
As a user who has burned hours trying to make sense of the Internal settings for the Sun in Archicad 11 to no scientific result but bitter tears, here is my reply to your query asking for explanation:
1: That the internal sun "Sun" Class "Sun" Shader is imperfectly implemented - to speak politely. After hours of experimenting, I suggest that it is a waste of time to try to control sun through this method. In my seminar, I make a joke about the light controls you refer to as if they part of a skit in the sixties American television show Candid Camera where the victim is packing eggs arriving on a conveyor belt. The shill tells him that if the eggs start coming too fast he can stop the belt by pressing a button, but it is not connected to anything. What a mess!
The attached image shows my lousy results trying to make a soft shadow using the "Sun" shader compared to hard shadow with ambient fill.
There are no meaningful or predictable results to be gained by adjusting the sun in this dialog - soft shadow settings merely produce erratic results. This sun method should only be used for hard shadows.
This shader uses what is called a "shadow mask" to generate the shadowed value. The rendering engine locates the edge of the shadow and applies a grey mask to the shadow area.
This method of generating sun should be mitigated with plenty of ambient light and a secondary sun - the sun object - manually set to shine strong blue light into the hard shadow cast from the main sun.
2: Archicad users seeking soft shadows should rely instead on the "Sun" Class "Realistic Sun" shader where actual rays are traced to provided true shadow calculations showing umbra and penumbra.
This method of generating sun should also be mitigated with plenty of ambient light and a secondary sun - the sun object - manually set to shine strong blue light into the hard shadow cast from the main sun.
Dwight Atkinson