Ok, the issue has been resolved seemingly.
I
thought
I had enabled "High performance" in the graphics settings of Windows and just checked again and it turned out it was only for AC21 which I also have installed on the machine. So my guess is that when AC switched back from high-performance GPU rendering (OpenGL on the Quadro M2200) to vector mode somehow it couldn't display that on the screen.
Thank you anyway.
WIN 10 Pro // AC 23 3003 // Xeon E3-1505M v6 // 32GB RAM // Intel HD Graphics P630 // NVidia Quadro M2200